The Perfect Crime Essay - 711 Words

The Perfect Crime Sentence was passed and in that moment my whole life completely changed. In the background, you could hear the people chant, â€Å"Justice has finally been served!† They don’t know me I thought. Everybody makes mistakes, right? But, where was my second chance in life. My luck, the death penalty became legal again and eagerly waiting for me to become its newest member. My palms grew sweaty as always when I grew nervous and scared. There was nothing I could do. These people wanted me to pay for what I put them through. You’re probably wondering what I did. Well, where do I start? Let me begin on the day my little brain came up with this supposedly brilliant idea. It was on a summer’s afternoon and the sun was gleaming†¦show more content†¦They offered money for my silence and then threatened to kill me if I spoke. I laughed at their remark and reassured them this wasn’t the reason why I came. By the end of the day, I was a new member of their little cult. We stole, robbed and mugged people day in and day out. Life seemed so beautiful at that point. I constantly took out my family and friends for dinners to the fanciest restaurants. I wore expensive clothes from the finest stores in Beverly Hills. No more shopping in Flea markets and looking for bargains. I was living the life I’d always wanted and didn’t have to work so hard in getting it like everybody else. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;But on one crazy afternoon, things didn’t go as planned. The plan was to walk in and walk out. In less then two minutes we’d have to retrieve the gem. The decoys were Ben and I and Richard was the front man. All it needed was three men for the job. No one was home; at least we thought there wasn’t anyone. The family of the house was having a birthday party for little Johnny outside in the garden and still figured we could manage to go inside and get the job done without them realizing. Surprisingly, as things were about to come to an end little Johnny walked in to find me stealing his rich grandfather’s red rose. His screams echoed all through and around the house, alarming everyone. Little Johnny became our only ticket out. We took him inShow MoreRelatedCrimes of the Poverty Stricken vs. the Affluent875 Words   |  4 PagesThe crimes of today are vast and varied amongst the different socioeconomic statuses. Crimes committed by p overty stricken individuals are many times out of necessity. For example, a mother who needs to feed her children will often resort to stealing food or small, expensive items that can be converted to cash. â€Å"Poverty can lead to high levels of stress that in turn may lead individuals to commit theft, robbery, or other violent acts.†(Taylor 2006). On the other side of the coin there are alsoRead MoreThe Murder Of Innocent Civilians1425 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica has always been depicted as an amiable place to live in. Generally, foreigners would picture America as the perfect place to raise a family and lead a joyous life. In their mind, the idea of the perfect fifties’ family household still holds true. Nevertheless, this image was quickly shattered, as the adverse and hostile environment that surrounded them proved to be more difficult than imagined. One of the biggest mistakes that they failed to recognize was the atrocious, random, murder ofRead MoreThe Atto rney For The Damned1629 Words   |  7 Pages17. Loeb described as â€Å"unmotivated†, â€Å"lazy† and â€Å"obsessed with crime† and spends most of his time reading crime novels, a popular pastime in the 1920’s. (Placeholder1) (Linder) Leopold and Loeb grew up in the upscale neighborhood of Kentwood. They know each other casually from there, but their relationship flourishes and grows while attending the University of Chicago, especially after discovering their mutual passion for crime. Three young lives lost when they decide the day has come to seeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Leopold, Loeb, And The Murder That Chicago 1719 Words   |  7 PagesSimon Baatz, an associate professor of history and historian has written an exceptional masterpiece â€Å"Leopold, Loeb, and the Murder that Chicago†. It was a crime that shocked the nation. It is a book based on a brutal murder in Chicago in 1924 of a child, by two wealthy students who killed solel y for the thrill of the experience. Baatz starts of the book by giving us a brief introduction of the victim Bobby Franks and his family. Bobby came from a rich family having one brother and sister. BobbyRead MoreThe Murder Of The Manson Family By Timothy Dwight1282 Words   |  6 PagesA murderer is normally defined by the psychological attributes that define him or her. These killers often suffer from a psychotic delusion that forces them to commit their horrific crimes. 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Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb committed a murder so violent and brutal that their excuse committingRead MoreEssay on Edgar Allen Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado1048 Words   |  5 Pagesreally a perfect crime? This is the main point in Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† The story is a dark tale of a presumably insane man who suffers from, according to him, â€Å"the thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could† (Poe 75). One of the major factors in telling this story is the setting. The story is set primarily in the Montresor family catacombs, which provides the dark settin g, filled with human remains, and this reflects where Montresor commits his crime, where noRead MoreMinority Report : The Criminal Justice System1472 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice System, and the way crime is handled is different from the way our criminal justice system is structured and runs. In the film â€Å"Minority Report† the year that is taken place in 2045. This means that their technology in their year is more advanced comparing to our current technology which would interfere with our criminal justice system being slow. Starting from the beginning of this film what is shown is how the pre-crime team prevents crime from happening through their advancedRead MoreSignificance of Literary Devices in Child 44 Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn the enthralling novel Child 44, wrote by Tom Rob Smith, the powerful and cold country of USSR, under the rule of Joseph Stalin, is undergoing significant changes; this new communist society enforces the strict policy that â €Å"there is no crime†. In the meantime, a war hero and MGB member, Leo Demidov, is set out by his superiors to cover up, what is known to be a railway accident; when in reality, it was a certain murder. Conversely, when more bodies are found dead and the same imprints are left;Read MoreMarxist Theory on Crime and Punishment Essays742 Words   |  3 PagesK1 Danielle  K Marxist  Theory  and  Crime  and  Punishment Throughout  human  history  countless  philosophers  have  risen  with  what  they  thought  to  be  the best  form  of  government  for  society  as  a  whole.  Ã‚  Karl  Marx  may  be  the  most  influential  philosopher  in Russian  history.  Ã‚  According  to  The  Free  Dictionary,  Marxism  is  the  concept  that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"class  struggle  plays  a central  role  in  understanding  societys  allegedly  inevitable  development  from  bourgeois  oppression  under capitalism  to  a  socialist  and  ultimately  classless  society†

Australia And Japan s Relationship - 1591 Words

Australia and Japan’s relationship has strengthened greatly over the last few decades. Japan has emerged from an enemy at the end of world war two to one of Australia’s most important allies today. The relationship between the two focuses on a number of areas, in particular trade, as Japan’s economy is very prosperous to Australia. Maintaining such a relationship has not always been straightforward, often presenting difficulties where the countries stray in values and opinions. Diplomats from both countries have worked hard to keep this positive relationship working. Diplomacy has allowed for Japan and Australia to receive benefits from one another while preventing major problems from arising. If troubles have developed, they have been dealt with swiftly in fear they could cause damage to the Australia-Japan relationship. Some areas the diplomatic relationship covers are the economical, cultural, security and environmental relations. Australian diplomacy has cont ributed to strengthening the international relationship with Japan. The economical relationship between Australia and Japan expanded when Australia took an interest in trading with Japan. Australia was no longer focused on Japan’s past but directed its attention to what the country could offer. Australia’s economy has never acquired the same power as Japan (Terada, 2000) but through joining forces, it has been able to share some of that power. Australia’s is positioned with Japan’s economy in its ability to engageShow MoreRelatedJap A Country And The Links That Australia1428 Words   |  6 Pagesin 2006, â€Å"Australia has no greater friend in Asia than Japan.† This article will give an overview of Japan as a country and the links that Australia has with this country, whether it be through culture, defence and military, tourism, trade or sport. It will also look into historical events that sparked these links and how these relationships were formed and strengthened. Finally, it will go into how these links have ch anged the way we see Japan, and how these links have changed Australia to what weRead MoreAustralia Japan Relationship Since Wwii1079 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1951 peace treaty between Australia and Japan, the two countries have rapidly built a productive relationship. Many factors and events have contributed to the development of this partnership. The ANZUS treaty was the turning point in the Austral-Japanese relationship. It assured Australia protection against Japan and provided security in the Asia-Pacific region. Trade and cultural exchange also played a significant role in shaping Australias relationship with Japan. Growth of trade was a contributorRead MoreEssay on The Effect of the Vietnam War on the Australian Society912 Words   |  4 Pagesof communism and of Asia increased dramatically. Australia, occupying a large mass of land, yet having a small population had always lived in the belief that they were threatened some way by the foreign powers and this led to the formation of â€Å"The White Australia Policy†, which was set up in 1901. This policy clearly reflects the enormous fear of threats from the Asian countries. Another major belief Australia had was that it could never adequately defend itself butRead MoreBuying Patterns Or Seasonable Variations As Relevant Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation of the decisions / buyer. : This article percent of the population of a consumer purchase history and models to predict the decisions of behaviorally devotion catalog. Based on the data from the two surveys, the buyer of a catalog of women s clothing, tools, the study found that repeat customers is a difference from switching on several measures. Part of the decision model that exists among buyers catalogs wear a routine that works with the public on the frequency order to predict the likelihoodRead MoreJapanese Australia Economic Partnership Agreement1565 Words   |  7 Pages The Japanese-Australia Economic Partnership Agreement Japanese Assessment Task Submission Date – 29th of June 2016 Word Count – 1052 By Anastasia Nikitaras On the 8th of July 2014 the Prime Minister of Australia Tony Abbott and the Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe signed the Japan-Australia Economic Partnership Agreement (JAEPA) (Japan-Australia Economic Partnership Agreement, 2016). This agreement has allowed for support in a two-way investment for both these countries. This agreementRead MoreAustralia s International Relations Between Australia And Japan1234 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Today Australia is one of the most ethnically diverse societies in the world. Almost one in every four Australian residents was born outside of the Australian boarders and many more are first or even second generation Australians. These children and grandchildren would have recently arrived as migrants or refugees, But in the ninetieth and twentieth century, Migration was not accepted the same way. Australia had various laws that aimed to keep people who were from non-european backgrounds out ofRead MoreAustralia s Bilateral Trade Agreements With The Trans Pacific Partnership1468 Words   |  6 PagesGovernment’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the nation’s relationship with China is â€Å"extensive and continues to grow in breadth and depth.   It is based on strong economic and trade complementarities and assisted by a comprehensive program of high level visits and wide-ranging cooperation activities† (People’s Republic of China Country Brief, 2014). In addition, Australia is also pursuing bilateral trade agreements with Japan and South Korea. The nation is also exploring its options with theRead MoreMasculinity And Its Impact On Society1008 Words   |  5 Pageswhich each person respects the group to which he or she belongs (Rees Edwards, 2011). Countries such as USA, UK, and Australia are more to individualism. This is because they are only focus on themselves and their immediate family; prefer to have privacy, favour to have personal opinion and so on. On the contrary, Malaysia, Ind onesia, China, and Venezuela are some of the countries that used collectivism. There are always relying on each other and focus on group’s welfare. 2.1.4 Masculinity/FemininityRead MoreChin A Country With Huge Resources1203 Words   |  5 PagesSummary China is a country with huge resources. In 2001, China successfully joint the WTO and rapidly took an important role on the international trade. In late 1990’s, China signed an agreement with Australia and built a close relationship with Australia. In the following years to date, there is a huge changes on the performance of trade and investment between these two countries, especially on agriculture, mining and manufacture. In this article, we will use trade theory to analysis the reasonRead MoreAustralian Banks Are Hungry For Foreign Debt Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pagesthe highest and valued at A$2.25 billion. A lot is also going on in Australia. Australia recently celebrated a 25-year streak of being recession-less. Twenty-five years of being recession-less had impacts on Australia’s stocks, bonds, and property. Australia is enjoying the longest economic expansion in the developed world. Their credit rating has been downgraded by SP due to political issues. With ever ything going on in Australia, it is growing at a fast pace, faster than most other countries in

A Prayer for My Daughter the Poem Free Essays

A PRAYER FOR MY DAUGHTER The poem by WB Yeats portrays how a father, blessed with a daughter, prays for the future happiness and wellbeing of her. The poet hopes that instead of growing up to be a woman of immense beauty, his daughter should be blessed with attributes of a virtuous and a great soul. She should be well-mannered and full of humility rather than being strongly opinionated, to avoid any intellectual detestation that could drown her in misery. We will write a custom essay sample on A Prayer for My Daughter: the Poem or any similar topic only for you Order Now The prayer for his daughter beyond its personal scope is a prayer for the evolution of a culture and human society based on values of decency and courtesy, magnanimity, innocence and ceremony. It is a prayer for the whole world. The poem begins with a vivid picture of a storm brewing in the seas. The storm is symbolic of the turmoil going on in the apprehensive poet’s mind regarding his newly-born’s future in a world marked with bloodshed and violence. Between his daughter and the raging seas, there stands ‘one bare hill’ and ‘Gregory’s wood’ which might not thwart the storm from reaching the hapless child. The poet is naturally worried as he senses the gale striking the tower and ‘the arches of the bridges’. In his mind, the storm presages the future years of his daughter arriving in a ‘frenzied’, delirious agitation, mounting from the ‘murderous innocence of the sea’. As a father, the poet wishes beauty for his daughter but not in such voluptuousness to engross the others to distraction or make her vain. He knows that people of immense superficial beauty consider beauty to be an end in it itself. They are blindfolded by their overwhelming beauty when the behold themselves ‘before a looking glass’, lose their ‘natural kindness’ and become inadequate to make the right choices in life. They are often lonely souls unable to respond to ‘sincere love’ or ‘find a friend’. The poet does not aspire his daughter to be bereft of kindness. He shudders at the thought of her daughter turning out to be another Helen of Troy, who finding life ‘dull and flat’ eloped with Paris only to ignite a war the completely destroyed the city of Troy. He cites the example of Queen Aphrodite who, having no guardians to impose restrictions on her chose a ‘bandy-legged smith’ for a husband. This substantiates his statement that women of exquisite beauty are often unpredictable and choose a ‘crazy salad’ to go with their ‘meat’. He puts forward a slice of his own life as an example of true exquisiteness and charm which his wife exudes. He philosophically remarks that ‘hearts are not had as a gift but hearts are earned’. Though men often are initially entices by bewitchingly stunning females, it is really the compassion and warmth of the women by which they get enamored in the end. The father in the poet is keen that his daughter should be like a humble tree giving succor and shade to the people when she grows up. She should live a life of constancy deeply rooted to her culture and traditions. Yeats wants his daughter to be like the ‘linnet’ whose songs infuse pure and unadulterated happiness in others. He hopes that she would be like the laurel tree, standing firm on her convictions. The poet realizes that his mind ,after being enticed by all the beauty that he had been attracted to, has ‘dried up’, become drained of all ideas and intelligence. He realizes that hatred is the worst of all evils. If an individual decides not to succumb to hatred, the no force, however violent and detrimental, can’ tear the linnet from the leaf’. He goes on to give a paradigm of ‘intellectual hatred’ in the form of Maude Gonne who due to her ‘opinionated mind’ had to give away everything. The truth rings in poet’s mind that by eliminating the malady of hatred, the soul not only recovers the ‘radical innocence’ but also embarks on a journey that is ‘self delighting, self-appeasing, self-affrighting’. It is only then would his daughter be able to face every storm or ‘scowl’ happily. Finally, Yeats hopes, as a father, that his daughter would be betrothed to a man who has forever steered away from ‘arrogance and hatred’. Their marriage should a custom for spreading peace and happiness like ‘the laurel tree’. How to cite A Prayer for My Daughter: the Poem, Papers

Gerne Will Ich Mich Bequemen (Gladly Will I Am Comfortable) free essay sample

The context of the song Is based on biblical story and It is In German text. It is In Dad capo aria form where A section is repeated. The instrumentation for this aria are 2 violin which intermingle between the melody and a basso continuo. Bach give more variation to the melody by switching its mode from major to minor mode. This alter its emotional significance completely and is used to provide vivid contrast. The idea of a change of mode In a melody implies some harmonic considerations. He exploited harmonic variation to marvelous effect In this piece.This shown In the starting of the piece In G minor in the reiteration section and then it modulates to D minor at bar 25, and it is back to G minor at bar 65. The first section of the piece starts with a Reiteration and then come the aria. After the aria, there is the reiteration section again which use the first half of the Reiteration, this can be found in bar 24. We will write a custom essay sample on Gerne Will Ich Mich Bequemen (Gladly Will I Am Comfortable) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bach often writes pieces for human voices that can fit in instrumental idioms for example the Reiteration section at he beginning of the piece and where the bassist starts to sing, the melody Is similar.This Is how Bach Imply his knowledge Into his work. Symbolism, symmetry and mathematical relationships can be found in this piece : whenever there is this word Creek which mean cross, Bach will always have a sharp in it. The sharp (#) represent + (cross). This is one of the way he uses symbolism. Word painting can be found in this piece in bar 61 trine (drink) the melody is going up with chromatic melodies, Bach wanted to portrait the action of drinking.The piece only have 2 yeoman throughout the piece which are : Plano and forte There are lots of Diminished 7th chords In this piece which Is not common In Baroque period, during these time, Church plays a very important role in music, they believe that dissonance is not a good sound to praise the god. Bach uses these chords and sudden modulations to accompany Jesus apocalyptic prophecy. The recitative often set the mood for a particular passages by highlighting emotionally changed words such as Garner (gladly).There Is a bit of development In the B section but we doesnt include that section as a development section because only part of the melody and rhythm change, we still can see the same use of Fortuning in the B section. Fortuning (spinning forth it was conceived in 191 5, it is the development or spinning out of a short melodic motif to form a complete phrase, often using sequences or intervocalic change. It is much used in the Baroque period rather less in the Classical period. Len this piece, Bach tries touch upon many basic human problems such as love, hatred and betrayal. The story Itself Is given to the Evangelist. Found in bar 65.

What is accreditation free essay sample

Accreditation is a process characterized by a neutral organization or an authoritative institution recognizing, evaluating, monitoring and reviewing the businesses or services provided by that of another organization.   The organization that provides accreditation makes sure that the services provided or products manufactured meet certain standards, consistently.   Once the organization meets the standards, the fact of accreditation can be advertised, and people would know that they are obtaining products or services that meet certain well-known standards of quality. 2. Why is it important? Accreditation in the healthcare industry helps in maintaining the quality standards in this vital sector.   Quality control organizations are frequently being referred to as ‘Watchdogs’ by certain managed care companies.   Quality control organizations not only provide accreditation to large companies and organizations but also to small-practice physicians, group practices and others. The information provided by accreditation organizations is often utilized by customers, clients and employers to make informed decisions regarding healthcare choices. We will write a custom essay sample on What is accreditation? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page    The main aim of these quality control organizations is to develop, maintain and slowly improve certain standards of quality in healthcare organizations.   This information is further generated to customers and employers who are to make further decisions about healthcare.   Usually the accreditation organizations are constituted by employers, physicians, policy makers, ethicists, nurses, administrators, labor representatives, advocates, educators, and even customers. They cooperate and work towards improving healthcare, making programs and making sure that the needs of a diverse community (culturally and linguistically) are being met.   Several aspects such as finance, ethics and quality of the healthcare services are usually being monitored.   Accreditation also provides greater competition in the market, as all the companies would want to improve the quality of their services.   In the healthcare industry, error is being considered as a severe detriment to the well-being of the patient, and through accreditation, these errors can be kept to a minimum.   Initiatives can also be made to provide information and education of the customers, and safety control in the organization.   The structure and several management processes present in the organizations can be improved.   Through an improvement in the safety standards, the insurance costs would be brought down. There is also a decreased need for government inspection and control for Medicare and Medicaid.   Accredited organizations also seem to be very attractive to qualified professionals as they would feel that their jobs are much safer in an accredited organization.   The accreditation organizations also work with other medical societies and associations such as the American College of Surgeons, the American College of Physicians, the American Dental Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Hospital Association. 3. What organizations accredit managed care organizations in the U.S.? Managed care is be accredited by several accreditation organizations such as the Joint Commission (JC), Utilization Review Accreditation Commission (URAC) and National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA).   NCQAS began to accredit managed care organizations (MCO) from the year 1991, as information regarding the quality standards of such organizations were often being demanded by the customers, employers and the Government.   Business is often not being conducted with MCO’s not having accreditation. 4. What is involved in the accreditation process? (In other words, what do they look at? Do they make site visits?) Accreditation is usually subscribed to by the managed care organization on a voluntary basis.   The accreditation organizations reviews several aspects such as safety, confidentiality, consumer protection, patient rights, infection control, service, access, improvement, use of qualified staff, etc.   The accreditation company releases a healthcare quality report every year, and based on quality, it ranks the healthcare organizations and health plans or packages provided.   Several variables or clinical quality measures are being studied during the accreditation process.   Information of these measures is collected from sources present in the market (such as surveys). These measures are being compared, and based on their values, the performance of several managed care organizations are assessed.   The value of the measures is thoroughly audited by certified auditors.   If an organization is able to do the right thing in the right manner, there are greater chances that it would be fulfilling patient satisfaction, and meet the standards.   Efforts are made by the accreditation organizations to continuously monitor the actual performance standards and enable uninterrupted improvement in these standards in the managed care organizations. References: NCQA. Overview-NCQA. Retrieved January 19, 2007, from NCQA Web site: http://www.ncqa.org/Communications/Publications/overviewncqa.pdf NCQA (2006). New NCAQ Program Offers Awards to Health Plans, Grants to Doctors’ Offices That Help Bridge Health Care Disparity. Retrieved January 19, 2007, from NCQA Web site: http://www.ncqa.org/communications/news/clas.htm NCQA (2007). New NCQA Program Will Recognize Excellence in Caring for Back Pain. Retrieved January 19, 2007, from NCQA Web site: http://www.ncqa.org/ The Joint Commission (2007). Benefits of Joint Commission Accreditation. Retrieved January 19, 2007, from The Joint Commission Web site:   http://www.jointcommission.org/HTBAC/benefits_accreditation.htm The Joint Commission. (2007). Facts about The Joint Commission. Retrieved January 19, 2007, from The Joint Commission Web site: http://www.jointcommission.org/AboutUs/joint_commission_facts.htm Tuft Managed Care Institute (1998). A Brief History of Managed Care. Retrieved January 19, 2007, from TMCI Web site: http://www.thci.org/downloads/BriefHist.pdf

All Men are Created Equal †English Informal Essay

All Men are Created Equal – English Informal Essay Free Online Research Papers All Men are Created Equal English Informal Essay All Men Are Created Equal. It is a very choice statement, one I think many people seem to of forgotten during periods of our country’s history. This statement I feel was meant to sum up the vast differences that encompass the people of this country, and at the same time, put them all aside, so we all could live in a state of peace. Yet it ponders me today in the early years of the 21st century, how we could still deny equal rights to people in this country. One specific group that I feel currently are being singled out are Gay Americans. Over our nation’s 200+ year history, there always has been one social element of the population that seems to be singled out during any given time in history. In the 1800’s there was the fighting both politically and literally over the aspect of slavery and African Americans. The early 1900’s brought women under the gun, having to strive for equal treatment under the law. African Americans were again brought into the limelight with the fighting for civil rights and protection under the law in the 1950’s and 60’s. The first decade of the new millennium brings with it political and social conflict with the equal treatment and protection under the law of Gay Americans. Although accurate statistics are impossible to gage, there are an estimated 16.5 million Gay Americans that currently have no federal protection under the law. One area that I feel this impact can most be viewed is in the Hate Crime act, originally passed in 1969 but which has been ratified many times since. This act gives specific groups of the population federal protection against crime, and with it allows the FBI to investigate and prosecute people responsible for crimes against the segment of the population. Currently, sexual orientation is not under the list of covered segments. A definitive example of this lack of protection can be illustrated in the beating death of Matthew Shepard, a 21 year old student in Wyoming that was severely beaten and tied to a fence and left to die. His accusers were put on trial, but were unable to be prosecuted at the federal level, because even though this was a hate crime, the elements of the case did not allow it to fall under federal juris diction because the classification of sexual orientation is not under law. Another major right denied to Gay Americans that has become a major subject for fierce debate is the right to marry. Currently, there are over 2000 federal rights that are denied to Gay Americans, simply because they cannot marry; these benefits are as mundane as being able to visit a loved one in the hospital, to not receiving social security or death benefits. Currently Massachusetts is the only state in America where Gay Americans can now legally wed, but the benefits gained from it are only on the state level, and are not extended to the federal level. The current battle for equality over marriage is reminiscent to that of the anti-marriage laws that were law in many states that banned interracial marriage, and were only recently overturned in the mid 1960’s. With the advent of a Republican controlled Senate and House, many people are concerned with the passing of a constitutional amendment that would ban marriage indefinitely for Gay Americans by declaring marriage in the United States as that between a man and a woman only. President Bush, in his most recent State of the Union address, stated that he supports such an amendment. Though it is questionable whether or not it would pass on the federal level, many states such as Connecticut and New York are planning on debating the issue in the current 2005 legislative session. With many countries around the world passing marriage equal laws for Gays, and having protection laws on the books for several decades, it seems that the United States is falling behind in the race for equal protection for all; kind of ironic since we were the first people to coin the statement for equality for all. â€Å"All Men are Created Equal†; has a nice ring doesn’t it? Research Papers on All Men are Created Equal - English Informal Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneTwilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Individual-based reflection paper(management) Essay

Types of Managers and Steps in Management - Essay Example These managers, in particular, are the ones who most of us are familiar with, as unless we are lucky enough to land a top job right away, we will be with these guys. If something comes up in the department, they are usually the first to know – being in charge, they should be. As the title implies, a manager is expected to supervise - to manage – his department and his subordinates. Specifically, he is expected to get things done efficiently (minimum cost, maximum output) and effectively (attaining goals and doing the right things). This means that it is highly desirable to attain one’s goals while using the least possible amount of resources. This process is called management. The first step in management is to plan – to set goals, come up with a strategy, and develop plans to coordinate abilities. This answers the questions of what you want, how you plan to get it, and what you will do to get it. The next step is to organize, that is, the manager then del egates tasks to his subordinates, decides how tasks are to be grouped and what needs to be done. In this step, it is important to take into account who is best suited to handle certain tasks. For instance, if your plan calls for the use of print ads, hire a graphic artist – or better yet, find someone on the team who has talent in that area. This step is where a manager’s interpersonal skills are needed most. As he is expected to know his subordinates relatively well, this is an important decision one must take great caution in making – and which one has absolutely no excuse for fumbling. Next would be to lead one’s subordinates – that is, to motivate them, direct them, choose an effective means of communication, and resolve conflicts should they arise. Finally, to control – monitoring performance, comparing it with company goals, and making changes when necessary.  

DB2 - Diversity in the Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB2 - Diversity in the Workplace - Research Paper Example This is because having two races in their heritage makes them the most vulnerable group during hiring sessions. Conventionally, African Americans were the main targets of affirmative action because of the inequalities that existed in the United States. Similarly, biracial individuals face discrimination in interview panels and selection agencies due to their mixed race status. Employers should understand that within the concept of diversity lies the principles of tolerance and consideration of different ethnic groups (Korgen, 1999). However, diversity is not based on law but is categorized as a strategic business effort. Therefore, the success of implementing authentic diversity standards for biracial employees will largely depend on the type of organization and the working environment. In conclusion, biracial employees face similar, if more severe conditions in the corporate environment when compared to their African Americans and Caucasian counterparts (Korgen, 1999). Therefore, in the selection of candidates that qualify for affirmative action, this newly formed ethnic group should be considered as they would otherwise suffer a similar plight to other minority groups. This would be detrimental to the organization especially if the section of biracial employees possesses excellent skills and experience that would benefit the

Article Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Article - Research Paper Example The second step involves building a culture and processes that motivate people to help one another and share relevant information. The third step involves dismantling the natural barriers that create divisions in an organization (Catmull, 2008). Strong leadership is essential to make sure people do not pay lip service to those standards, and people should not assume that just because the company is successful, everything it does is right. In addition, the author suggested several principles to manage a creative organization. The first principle seeks to give the creative people control over every stage of development of an idea. The second principle is to encourage people to help each other produce their best work also known as creating a peer culture. The third principle asserts that managing a collective creativity in an organization is to free up communication (Catmull, 2008). The third principle defines an efficient way of solving numerous problems, and it encourages individuals to focus on challenges without waiting for authorization. The fourth principle involves creating a learning environment, and the author notes that learning together is fun. The fifth principle is to carry out post mortems on projects to stimulate discussion (Catmull, 2008). The Harvard business review article is worth studying since it is educative on how to manage collective creativity in an organization. According to the author, many companies rise and fall due to lack proper collective creativity (Catmull, 2008). Many people consider creativity as a unique act attributed to a single person. The article teaches that talented people should work effectively with one another and takes trust and respect. Loyalty to collective work and one another creates an extraordinary feeling in an organization. Moreover, the accomplishments of the talented people attract the

Case Study: Harold Shipman

Case Study: Harold Shipman Shipman began practicing as a doctor in 1974, at the Abraham Ormerod Medical Practice in Todmorden. He was there until 1975 when his partners discovered that he had been obtaining drugs dishonestly for his own use. In 1976 he pleaded guilty to three offences of obtaining pethidine by deception, three offences of unlawful possession of pethidine and two further offences of forging a prescription he was sentenced in Halifax Magistrates court to pay a fine and compensation. In August 1992,he began working as a solo practitioner at a surgery in Hyde he continued to work as a single-handed practitioner until his arrest in September 1998. In July 1998 the Greater Manchester Police began an inquiry into Kathleen Grundys death, a patient of Dr Shipman, the inquiry was rapidly widened to include the deaths of Shipmans other patients. On Monday, 31st January 2000 the jury at Preston Crown Court convicted Harold Shipman of 15 murders and of forging a will. Case Study Mrs Kathleen Grundy was a widow and lived by herself she was in remarkably good health for her age. She undertook work for many Charitable organisations and had a healthy social life. She spent the evening before her death with a friend and was in normal health when she went home. Mrs Grundy died on 24th June 1998 at the age of 81. Shipman forged a certificate and passed of her death being due to old age. Later scientific analysis of her body tissues in August 1998 showed that she had died of morphine poisoning. In the few days before her death, Shipman had persuaded Mrs Grundy to take part in a research project into the ageing process, allegedly to be conducted by Manchester University. It emerged later that this was a hoax so he could obtain a sample of her signature, which he used in an attempt to forge a will. This also created an excuse to visit her at home. She visited him on 23rd June, to have her ears syringed and told her that he needed a blood sample for the research project which must be taken early in the morning. He arranged to visit her at about 8.30am the next morning. The following day she was due to attend Werneth House but she did not arrive. Friends and colleagues there became concerned as this was out of character for Mrs Grundy and two of them, Mr John Green and Mr Ronald Pickford, went to her house at about midday. They found her lying on the sofa fully dressed. Her body was cold and it was established she was dead. The door to the house was unlocked. They summoned Shipman to the house. Following a perfunctory examination of the body, he said ‘cardiac arrest’, following the test he had a brief discussion with someone in the coroner’s office and it was agreed that a certificate which stated the cause of death to be ‘old age’ would be acceptable. There was no record kept of the conversation with the coroner’s office. When Shipman had left the house Mr Green informed the police, as he was unable to contact Mrs Grundy’s daughter Mrs Angela Woodruff. The officers concerned spoke to Shipman later and he informed them he had called on Mrs Grundy earlier that day because she had been unwell. He did not mention the fact that he had called to take a blood sample. Shipman also told them he had spoken with the coroner’s office and was going to issue a certificate stating that Mrs Grundy had died of natural causes. The police officers took a quick look at the body and on seeing nothing suspicious took no further action. The day after the death Shipman spoke to Mrs Woodruff. He told her that he had seen Mrs Grundy on the day before her death just for ‘a routine thing’. He was vague and mentioned she had chest pains possibly due to indigestion. Shipman said that he had arranged to collect a blood sample the next morning, when he arrived she was not yet dressed. He then said that some old people complain of feeling unwell a few days before they die and then just die. He inferred that this had happened to Mrs Grundy. He handed Mrs Woodruff the Medical Certificate of Cause of Death (MCCD) and said that he had certified the death as being due to old age. Mrs Woodruff’s suspicions were not aroused until she was contacted by the Hamilton Ward legal firm handling her mother’s will. Her own law practice in Warwickhad usually dealt with her mother’s legal affairs. The original will had been lodged with the firm in 1986. Hamilton Ward received a new will the same day that Mrs Grundy died. The new will was badly typed. Mrs Woodruff told the Shipman trial in October: â€Å"My mother was a meticulously tidy person. The thought of her signing a document which is so badly typed didn’t make any sense. The signature looked strange, it looked too big. The concept of mum signing a document leaving everything to her doctor was unbelievable.†[1] The police arranged for the exhumation of Mrs Grundys body. The exhumation was vital because forensic evidence was needed to verify the case of death. Dr Rutherford an expert witness pathologist was instructed to conduct the post-mortem examination. The post-mortem was crucial as it would establish time and cause of death, one would also know if Shipmans version of events are true. The results of the post-mortem examination found no natural explanation for Mrs Grundy’s death therefore not supporting Shipmans account. Also questions that were left unanswered for example why had this happened to someone who had been in good health, had been answered. Scientific analysis of the body tissues revealed levels of morphine consistent with the administration of a fatal dose. Dr John Grenville also provided a report and said that there were a number of false entries in the medical records which had been created after the death to give credibility to Shipman’s stories. Firstly that Mrs Grundy was under the weather when he saw her on 23rd June and secondly that Mrs Grundy had been abusing drugs and might have administered the morphine herself. This evidence was very valuable as it proved medical records had been doctored in order to cover Shipmans back. Forensic evidence proved that Shipman forged Mrs Grundys will this was one of the main reasons as to why suspicions were aroused in the first place. Shipman wanted to obtain the whole of Mrs Grundy’s estate, leaving nothing to her daughter and grandchildren. He drafted the will using his own old-fashioned Brother portable typewriter. When the police came to Shipman’s premises and took possession of the typewriter the will was immediately linked to him. This was important as tests would be able to show that if the will had been produced from Shipmans type writer the paper could be matched as well as the ink and tracks that had been used, this evidence would be enough to prove that it had come from that specific printer. Although this evidence was valuable shipman could still argue that someone else had used his type writer. Overall the final product looked painstakingly unprofessional and suspicion would be aroused immediately. Expert hand writing evidence proved them to be forgeries. Shipman forged Mrs Grundy’s signature and dated the will 9th June 1998. On that day he staged a ‘signing and witnessing’ event in his consulting room and must have prepared a document for Mrs Grundy to sign which purported to provide for her consent to take part in some medical research supposedly to be conducted by Manchester University. This document required that Mrs Grundy’s signature should be witnessed by two others, who also had to sign and provide their names, addresses and occupations. While Mrs Grundy was at Shipman’s surgery on 9th June, Shipman appears to have obtained her signature on this document and then called two patients from his waiting room into the consulting room where they completed and signed the witnesses’ part of the document. Shipman must have used this document to copy the three signatures as well as he could. The document would have been valuable to shipman as he had no other means of looking at Mrs Grundys signature. Forensic evidence showed the Shipman had forged the signature as it did not match the style of Mrs Grundys writing and it was blatantly obvious that it was a copy due the fact that Shipman had to break off as he kept looking at the original signature to copy it, it was also noted that the signature Shipman forged was allot bigger than how Mrs Grundy would normally sign. There were clear conclusions drawn from the Forensic evidence as the post-mortem that Mrs Grundys death was a clear case of morphine poisoning. Even without this evidence there were a number of questions that did not add up for instance this was a sudden death of an elderly person in good health. There was no explanation for her death. Mrs Grundys door was unlocked this was also unusual for her as her neighbours mentioned the fact that she was a security conscious person, Shipman implied that Mrs Grundy left the door unlocked after letting him out this vital piece of evidence was a major blow to shipmans case as he had been unable to leave the security system in the condition relatives and friends would have expected it to be. Even though Shipman had altered Mrs Grundys medical records to show she was unwell just before her death and that he suspected she had been abusing drugs her medical records still showed she had been in good health and had no potentially fatal conditions that would harm her. Also the cause of death being ‘old age’, left unanswered question and was quite an inappropriate case of death for a person who had been in such good health. On the 31st January 2000, after six days of deliberation the jury found Shipman guilty of killing 15 patients by lethal injections of diamorphine, and forging the will of Kathleen Grundy. He was sentenced to 15 consecutive life sentences and it was recommended that he never be released. Shipman also received four years imprisonment for forging the will. Two years after his conviction, Home Secretary David Blunkett confirmed the judge’s recommendation that Shipman never be released. Shipman was officially struck off by the General Medical council in Februaury 2002 he consistently denied his guilt, disputing the scientific evidence against him. He never made any statements about his actions. His defence tried, but failed, to have the count of murder of Mrs Grundy, where a clear motive was alleged. Shipman subsequently committed suicide at Wakefield Prison by hanging himself from the window bars of his cell using bed sheets. He was found in his cell at 6:20 am on 13 January 2004, on the eve of his 58th birthday, and was officially pronounced dead at 8:10 am. Bibliography Crime scene to court second edition, Edited by .P.C.White http://www.the-shipman-inquiry.org.uk http://www.geraldengland.co.uk/gx/shipman.htm http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-180566187.htm [1] Mrs Woodruffs evidence in court Royal Ahold: An analysis Royal Ahold: An analysis ROYAL AHOLD: 1. Introduction Headquartered in the Netherlands, Royal Ahold is one of the worlds largest international retail grocery and food service companies. At its peak in 2001, Aholds reported sales and profits were â‚ ¬66.6 billion and â‚ ¬1.1 billion and it operated 5,155 stores in 27 countries with nearly a quarter of a million employees. Ahold was started as a family firm in 1887 by the Heijn family. It was a family-controlled business, operating primarily in the Netherlands for over 100 years. The company went public in 1948. In 1989, Ahold underwent a major transition from a family-controlled to a management controlled firm. This transition resulted in a phenomenal period of success for the firm. It generated over a 1,000% return for its shareholders and had a market capitalization of â‚ ¬30.6 billion by November 2001. In February 2003, Ahold witnessed a reversal of fortunes and suffered a complete meltdown. The firm was in a complete disastrous state with nothing going in their favour: a failed strategy, an accounting scandal, the firing of professional management, and litigation filings from all parts of the world. Shareholders lost most of their returns generated since 1989. Ahold scandal gave Europe a reason to believe that corporate governance and accounting problems were not restricted U.S. only. Ahold became â€Å"Europes Enron† (The Economist, March 1, 2003). It caused Dutch and European policymakers to rethink their approach to corporate governance and accounting policy. The Royal Ahold scandal, along with the accounting fraud at the giant Italian firm Parmalat, caused the European Union (EU) to impose more extensive and rigorous regulation on the financial reporting system and independent audit function within its member nations. The Royal Ahold debacle also reignited the debate re garding the need for more uniform accounting and auditing standards around the globe. In the Netherlands, a committee on corporate governance was installed on March 10, 2003 (Tabaksblat Committee, 2003) to restore the lost confidence in public companies. This report aims at studying the inter-relationships between the lack of corporate governance and of accounting transparency which led to the downfall of Ahold. The subsequent policies and strategies of the firm which aimed at reviving the firm are also aptly covered in the report. 2. The Growth Story: Expanding Boundaries Over the years, Ahold evolved from a single grocery store in 1887 to a food company with a dominant position in the Netherlands. By the mid-1970s, Royal Aholds management realized that for the company to continue to grow it could not limit its operations to The Netherlands. Since the Netherland market was already dominated by Royal Ahold, the companys top executives, who had long been known for their conservative operating and financial policies, announced their plan to expand its operations into other countries. Royal Aholds expansion efforts got off to a slow start but then accelerated rapidly in the 1990s after the company hired a new management team. Until the late 1980s, members of the Heijn family had occupied the key management positions within the firm. In 1987, two grandsons of Albert Heijn, served as Royal Aholds two top executives. Later in 1987 when the brothers retired, a professional management team was hired to replace the Heijn brothers. The team recognized that the quickest way for Royal Ahold to gain significant market share in the grocery retailing industry outside of The Netherlands was to purchase existing grocery chains in foreign countries. To finance their growth-by-acquisition policy, Royal Aholds new executives raised large amounts of debt and equity capital during the 1990s. By 2000, Royal Ahold had purchased retail grocery chains in Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Portugal, Scandinavia, South America, and the United States. This aggressive expansion campaign m ade Royal Ahold the third largest grocery retailer worldwide by the turn of the century. At the time, only U.S.-based Wal-Mart and the French firm Carrefour SA had larger annual retail grocery sales than Royal Ahold. Royal Ahold completed its most ambitious acquisition in 2000 when it purchased U.S. Foodservice, a large food wholesaler headquartered in Columbia, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. Although Royal Ahold had previously purchased several retail grocery chains along the eastern seaboard of the United States, including New England-based Stop Shop, U.S. Foodservice was easily the largest U.S. company it had acquired. The U.S. Foodservice acquisition was also important because it signalled the companys commitment to becoming a significant participant in the food wholesaling industry. In 2003, after purchasing two smaller U.S.-based food distributors, Royal Ahold ranked as the second largest food wholesaler in the United States—Houston-based Sysco Corporation was the largest. In fact, the three U.S. acquisitions caused food wholesaling to be the companys largest source of revenue, accounting for slightly more than one-half of its annual sales. The companys more than 4,000 retail grocery stores located in 27countries accounted for the remainder of its annual sales. 3. Problems Due to Expansion The aggressive growth strategy adopted by the new professional management gave rise to a number of unexpected and unanticipated problems. Among these the major problems were caused primarily due to the expansion in the global regions. The differences in the cultural norms hampered the ability of the management to manage its worldwide retail grocery operations. As the firm ventured into new markets, especially the markets outside of Western Europe and the United States, it faced new challenges in the face of wide range of laws, regulations and cultural differences. The management team also faced difficulty in dealing with human resource policies regarding hiring, appraisal, and other employee benefits. The policies which were successful in The Netherlands failed to live up to the expectations of the new managers and employees in the countries of Asia, Latin America and South America. Furthermore the cultural norms of grocery shopping among the consumers in global markets also exacerbated the misery of the firm. Some consumers out rightly rejected the â€Å"Dutch: idea and way of organizing the grocery store. The consumers also did not appreciate the idea of â€Å"foreign invader† replacing the local grocery stores which existed there for years. 4. Response towards the Problems and Further Issues Since the problems were primarily the result of cultural and social issues, the management at Ahold decided upon the strategy of using the management personal of the local grocery chains and retaining them when those chains were acquired by Ahold. The new mangers were empowered with the authority to make major decisions. The Royal Ahold ambitious plan to become a major player in the wholesaling segment of the huge food industry in the US gave rise to new problems. Most of the company officials were unfamiliar with that segment. Therefore they adopted the â€Å"hands-off† mindset to the acquisition and depended primarily on the executives of U.S. Foodservice who were retained following the buyout to oversee the subsidiarys day-to-day operations. But the firm adopted a policy of following the same rigorous performance standards that were imposed on the companys domestic operations. The companys established goal of 15% annual growth rate in profits was used to decide upon the annual sales targets for each of the companys operating unit in Netherland and also at global locations. The units were pressurised to achieve their target and there were significant rewards on meeting the specified targets. But due to increased competition and the relatively lower profit margins within the food industry prevented many of those units from achieving the annual earnings goals that had been assigned to them.  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­5. Accounting Issues During the fiscal 2002 audit of Royal Ahold, Deloitte Accountants uncovered evidence suggesting that the companys consolidated revenues had been inflated and overstated. When Royal Ahold invested in a foreign company, it often acquired exactly a 50 percent ownership interest in the given company. Nevertheless, Royal Ahold would fully consolidate the companys financial data in its annual financial statements.Dutch accounting rules at the time permitted a parent company to fully consolidate the financial data of a joint venture company if the parent could control that firms operations. Such control could be evidenced by a more than 50 percent ownership interest in the joint venture company or by other means. Royal Ahold persuaded their Deloitte auditors by providing them with â€Å"control letters† officially signed by the officials of joint venture companies. This was accomplished by taking the officials to their side by bribing them. Further in order to placate the companys executives, the Royal Aholds management team signed â€Å"side letters† addressed to the companys executives of the JV. These letters affirmed that the decision making was mutual rather than by Ahold exclusively. Thus for Dutch accounting purposes, the joint ventures operating results should have been â€Å"proportionately consolidated† in Aholds annual financial statements. Apart from such improper accounting, Royal Ahold was also accused of not sharing the full information among the stakeholders. It did not reveal its obligations to purchase the ownership interests of certain investors in those companies. This was because of the default on the part of the joint venture companies to pay off their outstanding debt. Fraudulent Accounting at U.S. Foodservice Deloitte Accountants U.S. affiliate, Deloitte Touche, audited the financial statements of U.S. Foodservice after that company was acquired by Royal Ahold in 2000. Before the acquisition, KPMG was its auditor. Deloitte uncovered anomaly in the account books which distorted the consolidated net income of Ahold group. Subsequent investigation revealed that US food Service had misrepresented their financial statements for several years before the acquisition. The misrepresentation was because of improper accounting of the â€Å"promotional allowances.† Since the food wholesaling industry is intensely competitive, so the profit margins on their sales are relatively small. This led to the concept of â€Å"promotional allowances† (refund on purchases) being paid to food wholesalers by their suppliers or vendors. Another common practice or rather malpractice was â€Å"front-loading† promotional allowances. This means accounting for all the allowances prior to its actual period. The absence of proper internal controls over promotional allowances provided an opportunity for dishonest employees to overstate those allowances for accounting purposes. 6. The Aftermath In 2003 when the company issued the restated financial statements for the preceding there years, the fraud was uncovered. The net income figures for the years 2000, 2001 and 2003 had been overstated by 17.6%, 32.6% and 88.1% respectively. The corresponding figures for the reported revenues were 20.8%, 18.6% and 13.8%. Soon after the disclosures were made the regulatory agencies, law authorities, investment companies and other stakeholders began seeking more information regarding the fraud. Following the public disclosure both Dutch and U.S. law enforcement authorities filed criminal charges against the company and several of its former executives. Upon investigation, the responsibilities for the fraud lay on the top executives of the firm. The so called â€Å"professional management† which replaced the Heijn-family management in the 1990s were the forces responsible for the crisis. They over estimated their growing potential and set unrealistic targets at the company level. These targets where passed on to the individual units which were pressurised to achieve these unrealistic targets by hook or by crook. This was further enhanced by a significant level of rewards attached to the meeting of targets. Role of the Auditor Though it was because of the Aholds auditor Deloitte that the crisis was finally ended, but it cane under severe criticism for letting this fraud flourish to the extent it had reached. There were many lawsuits filed against Deloitte for the shear reason of negligence on their part which required them to prove their integrity. The loosely organized operating units under Ahold group made the auditing task a tough one. Regulatory Bodies The following controversy also revolved around the inefficiency and loopholes of the present in the regulatory system. The Ahold case re-affirmed the need for cooperation among the different regulatory bodies across countries. This was evident in the wake of rapid globalization which had taken place in the 1990s. Also the need for a common framework of regulations was further enhanced to maintain the comparability aspect of the account books across globe. 7. The Verdict The fraud charges against the Royal Ahold corporate house were finally settled in September 2004. The verdict required the firm to pay a fine of 8 million Euros. Further after investigation the Royal Aholds former executives (CFO and CEO) were found guilty and were penalized as well as were sentenced to four to nine months of imprisonment 8. The Road to Recovery program Press release is issued by Royal Ahold N.V â€Å"Our highest priority now is to rebuild the value of our company. We will do everything in our power to create a company of which you can once again be proud. Reinforcing accountability, controls and corporate governance Ahold is replacing a decentralized system of internal controls that had many weaknesses with a one-company system with central reporting lines. Internal audit will not only report to the CEO, but also to the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board. In addition, Ahold has nominated Peter Wakkie to the position of Chief Corporate Governance Counsel on the Executive Board, to serve as the driving force behind improved internal governance policies and practices, for legal compliance as well as conformance to ethical and social standards. †

Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa Essay -- Causes of Bulimia, Eating Di

In our Western society, we have several different types of eating dysfunction, all of which are unique and tragic in their own right. Despite their individuality, however, they all have several overlapping symptoms that are key to their classification and severity. For Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), one of the core features is binge eating, which can be defined objectively by number of calories eaten in a given time or subjectively by the feelings of the binger. Binge eating has many different aspects that are of interest to scientists and clinicians alike. One of those interests has to do with the reduction of this symptom among populations being treated for their respective disorder. Because both disorders are relatively new to the scientific and clinical world, there is much debate over how to treat, define, and possibly distinguish this phenomenon between the two disorders. For the purpose of this review, I intended to examine the evidence for the best outcomes, both immediate and long term, for reduction of binge eating in these disorders. Clinicians treat BN and BED in several different ways, some of which are more effective than others, especially at reducing the core symptom of binge eating. Although many treatments exist, those most researched in terms of treatment outcome are interpersonal therapy (IPT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), behavior therapy (BT), and pharmacological therapy. These treatments are not designed to simply treat binge eating; instead, they are used to treat the whole of the disorder. However, by understanding the workings of the therapy and differences in treatment outcomes among core features, science can expand upon its understan... ...ee Psychological Treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52: 304-312. Fairburn, C. G., Jones, R., Peveler, R. C., Carr, S. J., Solomon, R. A., O’Connor, M. E., Burton, J., Hope, R. A. (1991). Three Psychological Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48: 463-469. Peterson, C. B. & Mitchell, J E. (1999). Psychosocial and Pharmacological Treatment of Eating Disorders: A Review of Research Findings. Journal of Clinical Psychology, June: 686-697. Walsh, B. T., Wilson, G T., Loeb, K L., Devlin, M. J., Pike, K. M., Roose, S. P., Fleiss, J. & Waternaux, C. (1997). Medication and Psychotherapy in the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154: 523-531. Wilfey, D. E., Cohen, L. R. (1997). Psychological Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder. Psychopharmacology Bulletin,33(3): 437-454.